Magnesium Facts (Mg or Atomic Number 12)

Magnesium is an element that is essential for human nutrition. This alkaline earth metal has atomic number 12 and element symbol Mg. The pure element is a silver-colored metal, but it tarnishes in air to give it a dull appearance. Crystals of pure magnesium metal. Lester V. Bergman / Getty Images Magnesium  Basic Facts Atomic Number: 12 Symbol: Mg Atomic Weight: 24.305 Discovery: Recognized as an element by Black 1775; Isolated by Sir Humphrey Davy 1808 (England). Magnesium first came into use as magnesium sulfate or Epsom salt. The story goes that in 1618 a farmer in Epsom, England could not get his cattle to drink from a well with bitter-tasting water, yet the water seemed to heal skin conditions. The substance in the water (magnesium sulfate) came to be known as Epsom salts. Electron Configuration: [Ne] 3s2 Word Origin: Magnesia, a district in Thessaly, Greece (Davy initially suggested the name magnium.) Properties: Magnesium has a melting point of 648.8 °C, boiling point of 1090 °C, specific gravity of 1.738 (20 °C), and valence of 2. Magnesium metal is light (one-third lighter than aluminum), silvery-white, and relatively tough. The metal tarnishes slightly in air. Finely divided magnesium ignites upon heating in air, burning with a bright white flame. Uses: Magnesium is used in pyrotechnic and incendiary devices. It is alloyed with other metals to make them lighter and more easily welded, with applications in the aerospace industry. Magnesium is added to many propellents. It is used as a reducing agent in the preparation of uranium and other metals that are purified from their salts. Magnesite is used in refactories. Magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia), sulfate (Epsom salts), chloride, and citrate are used in medicine. Organic magnesium compounds have many uses. Magnesium is essential for plant and animal nutrition. Chlorophyll is a magnesium-centered porphyrin. Biological Role: All known living cells require magnesium for nucleic acid chemistry. In humans, over 300 enzymes use magnesium as a catalyst. Foods rich in magnesium include nuts, cereals, cocoa beans, green leafy vegetables, and some spices. The average adult human body contains 22 to 26 grams of magnesium, mostly in the skeleton and skeletal muscles. Magnesium deficiency (hypomagnesemia) is common and occurs in 2.5 to 15% of the population. Causes include low calcium consumption, antacid therapy, and loss from the kidneys or gastrointestinal tract. Chronic magnesium deficiency is associated with hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrom. Sources: Magnesium is the 8th most abundant element in the earths crust. While it is not found free it nature, it is available in minerals including magnesite and dolomite. The metal may be obtained by electrolysis of fused magnesium chloride derived from brines and seawater. Atomic Weight: 24.305 Element Classification: Alkaline Earth Metal Isotopes: Magnesium has 21 known isotopes ranging from Mg-20 to Mg-40. Magnesium has 3 stable isotopes: Mg-24, Mg-25 and Mg-26. Magnesium Physical Data Density (g/cc): 1.738 Appearance: lightweight, malleable, silvery-white metal Atomic Radius (pm): 160 Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 14.0 Covalent Radius (pm): 136 Ionic Radius: 66 (2e) Specific Heat (20 °C J/g mol): 1.025 Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 9.20 Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 131.8 Debye Temperature (K): 318.00 Pauling Negativity Number: 1.31 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 737.3 Oxidation States: 2 Lattice Structure: Hexagonal Lattice Constant (Ã…): 3.210 Lattice C/A Ratio: 1.624 CAS Registry Number: 7439-95-4 Magnesium Trivia: Magnesium was originally named magnium by Humphrey Davy after isolating the element from magnesia, known now as magnesium oxide.The 1915 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Richard Willstà ¤tter for his work with the chlorophyll and identifying magnesium was the central atom in its structure.Epsom salt is a magnesium compound, magnesium sulfate (MgSO4).Magnesium is the 10th most abundant element in the human body.Magnesium will burn in pure nitrogen gas and pure carbon dioxide gas.Magnesium is the fifth most common element found in seawater. Sources Emsley, John (2011).  Natures building blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960563-7.Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997).  Chemistry of the Elements  (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.Hammond, C. R. (2004). The Elements, in  Handbook of Chemistry and Physics  (81st ed.). CRC press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.Rumble, John R., ed. (2018). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (99th ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-1385-6163-2.Weast, Robert (1984).  CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4. Return to the Periodic Table

The Female, Bildungsroman, By Carol Lazzaro Weis - 1083 Words

Vanessa Bethea 355:201 Flynn 24 March 2016 Literature Review #4 Article: Lazzaro-Weis, Carol. â€Å"The Female Bildungsroman: Calling It into Question†. NWSA Journal 2.1 (1990): 16–34. Web. Author: Carol Lazzaro-Weis is the President of the American Association of Italian Studies, the largest associate of university professors of Italian in North America and serves on several editorial boards. Professor Lazzaro-Weis has been appointed to serve on the International Advisory Board for The Centre of Contemporary Women’s Writing. Her teaching and research interests include nineteenth and twentieth century Italian literature, genre, French women writers of the seventeenth and eighteenth century, feminist theory, etc. In addition to numerous articles on French and Italian writers, she has published the following books: From Margins to Mainstream: Feminism and Fictional modes in Italian Women’s Writing, La Signorina and Other Stories, Confused Epiphanies: L’abbà © Prà ©vost and the Romance Tradition, etc. She is currently preparing a book-length manuscript on women’s historical novels in Italy, France, Francophone Canada and the Caribbean. (Carol Lazzaro-Weis - Department of Romance Language Literatures - University of Missouri. Carol Lazzaro-Weis - Department of Romance Language Literatures - University of Missouri. N.p., n.d. Web.) Brief Summary: The Female â€Å"Bildungsroman†: Calling It into Question by Carol Lazzaro-Weis discusses the term bildungsroman as it relates to female

Rhetorical Analysis of Jfk Inaugural Speech free essay sample

In early 1961, the United States of America was enduring racial tensions and inequalities on the home-front, as well as waging war against Communism and the Cold War internationally. Chaos and fear had penetrated the minds of the American people because the Cold War was near its pinnacle; the American people longed for a strong, reassuring leader. John F. Kennedy provided that reassurance in his Inaugural Address. Taking the current national and international turmoil into account, Kennedy sought to persuade the Nations people to Join in his efforts and unify together in order to achieve peace. The inaugural address is saturated with rhetorical strategies seeking to flatter the American People and utilizes words of encouragement to evoke unification. Kennedy was able to effectively establish a profound kairotic moment at which his discourse can make the most difference or have the most influence. The speech persuades the American people by providing motivating propositions through appeals to ethos, logos and pathos. We will write a custom essay sample on Rhetorical Analysis of Jfk Inaugural Speech or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Kennedys inaugural address plays to an irrefutably persuading rhythm. Strong, motivational verbs are Joined with sophisticated adjectives in a manner that would make the most nane speech capable of swaying an entire population. In order to capture the minds of the American people, Kennedy begins with an antithesis, calling his victory, a celebration of freedom-symbolizing an end, as well as a beginning. This statement is to ensure the people that they are embarking in a new era of reform and peace, the end of turmoil, and the beginning of prosperous tranquility. Similar to the Declaration of Independence, Kennedys speech emphasizes the unification of the country through the use of parallelism and Juxtaposition. Kennedy appeals to his udiences ethos through visions of freedom and American values. He does this through the Juxtaposition of freedom from the tyranny of man and the reliance of God to provide such freedom. By utilizing a quote from Isaiah, .. to undo heavy burdens and let the oppressed go free, Kennedy persuades all who listen to pursue freedom because it is both their God given right and their patriotic duty. Kennedy emphasizes his argument for patriotic unification by effectively using anaphora to break his pledges and propositions into segments. The repetition of declarative lements exemplifies his pledge that he will continue to pursue peace and encourage action. He declares, to those new states whom we welcome to the ranks of the free, and, to those peoples in huts and villages across the globe in order to evokes nationalistic feelings through the appeal to pathos. This pledge of calm persuasiveness exemplifies his stasis of remaining strong and unified amongst the division of tyranny. Kennedys choice of such language caused his audience to find it hard to disagree with such an amiable stance. He stated, United, there is little e cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. This statement exemplifies the importance of international and national unification. Due to the Cold War, Kennedy is extremely intent on bringing liberty to the world much more than protecting the liberties already present. However, it is evident that there was an underlying fear in his pledge; almost a plea to advisories for union and non violent where disagreeing with him would seem unpatriotic and weak, In your hands, my ellow citizens, more than mine, will rest the final success or failure of our course. Since this country was founded, each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty. The graves of young Americans who answered the call to service surround the globe. Kennedy chose words such as, national loyalty, in order to evoke an appeal to ethos and logos and graves of young Americans to appeal to their pathos. He points to the resiliency of the United States and the need for the people to continue to support the ideals of freedom that ave seemed forgotten. The people were challenged to Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, to assure the survival and the success of liberty. Kennedy successfully appeals to the pathos and ethos of the audience in order to establish his views of the inane strength and duty within all Americans. In the conclusion of his speech, Kennedy cleverly positions one of the most memorable quotes of history. While the audience is full of excitement and atriotic duty because of his previous statement calling for strength and faith, he pauses for a moment and states And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what you r country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. This statement attenuates itself to the rhetorical instrument of kairos because the placement and the time in which Kennedy chose to speak the words provided its long lasting impact. The influence of this statement has persuading many Americans to act upon their own stasis and exemplify true freedom and strength for their country.

Othellos Character During The Play Is First Shown As A Hero Of War And

Othello's character during the play is first shown as a hero of war and a man of great pride and courage. The other main characters in the play all form their own opinions of him and as the play continues, his character begins to deteriorate and become less noble. Chronologically through the play Othello's character changes from a flawless military leader, to become a murderer. Also as the play progresses, the other characters in the play change their opinions of Othello which causes the plot to happen the way it did. Throughout the first act of the play, Othello was shown as many different characters depending on who was speaking. Iago complains of Othello's pride and "bombast circumstance" and is angered by the appointment of Cassio, and educated military theoretician of Florence to lieutenant, instead of himself. Although he knows Othello is a proud man, his open and trusting nature in the beginning of the play will be eroded by the conclusion of the plot. As Iago is speaking to Brabantio about Othello, he uses the term "white ewe" to represent Desdemona, and "black ram" when referring to Othello. By using these terms, it shows that he is trying to give a bad impression of Othello when he is speaking to the royal family in Venice, because Othello is a Moor or a Negro. Iago shows his black hatred for the Moor, and his jealousy of Cassio in his first soliloquy and also reveals his evil intentions. As the act continues and Othello is being searched for by a group of people, Iago attempts to incite Othello into anger against Brabantio, but Othello does not take the bait. He feels that he (Brabantio) may do his worst because Othello is assured that his military services to the government will outweigh Brabantio's complaints of him marrying Desdemona. These answers to Iago's persistence show that he is still a character of calmness and dignity, and he still has the self-assurance suitable to command armies of men. When Othello is found by Cassio, he seems to be relieved because he does not like personal conflict, which would have occurred if Brabantio had found him instead. After he is found, Othello is taken to Brabantio where he is interrogated on how he possessed Desdemona enough in order to make her run off with him. Brabantio damns Othello and calls him an enchanter, saying that the "tender, fair, and happy" Desdemona was too shy of marriage, which is why she shunned all of the suitors sent to her. This entire scene helps to establish Othello as an alert and composed leader. Later in this act, Othello offers to explain how he won Desdemona. He chooses not to contradict or deny that he has used "magic" but when the true meaning of the "magic" comes to light it is shown that he used the magic of love and not a conjured magic. Iago also suspects Othello of having some kind of relationship with his own wife, although he doesn't know or even seem to care whether or not his suspicions have any foundation at all. Again, according to Iago, Othello is an "ass" because he has a "free and open nature." This act works as an introduction to the Othello character and shows how other characters react to his presence in different ways. The remaining acts of the play continue to show how the characters react to Othello's lifestyle changes. Even though he must rid Cassio of his lieutenant responsibilities forever, Othello explains how he still loves him. If it were up to him Othello would have reinstated Cassio at the first opportunity, but this would be bad political practice. He wishes to appease Desdemona by doing this but he realizes that he can't. These practices show that he is a good governor and does not wish to arouse hostilities in the city, with an untimely pardon of Cassio. Desdemona tells Emilia that Othello is not the jealous type, which Othello believes to be true himself. However, as the play progresses through Act 3, Othello talks to Iago telling him that their prior conversation gave him reason to suspect Desdemona's motives. As a reader, you can see that Othello's capacity