Position Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Position Paper - Essay Example Considering the issue, should the use of marijuana as medicine be legalized? The argument has both the pros and cons. Supporters have their viewpoint as marijuana was found to be effective in treating fatally ailing patients. This group encompasses physicians especially those dealing with chronic illness such as AIDS and cancer. The two major groups supporting the legalization of marijuana are Physicians Association for AIDS and National Lymphoma Foundation. Physicians instituted that marijuana was found to stimulate appetite in AIDS patients and thereby providing them confidence to struggle treacherous consequences. Marijuana was also found to be effective in glaucoma patients, cancer cases and other fatal diseases. Marijuana works as a wonder drug for these ailing cases as it encourages lifesaving treatment such as chemotherapy with ease and comfort (Term paper on Legalization Of Marijuana.). On the contrary, the anti-marijuana group such as Drug Enforcement Agency and Police Department present a view that marijuana is a dangerous drug and provides an addiction to the patient, therefore should not be included in the list of prescribed drugs. They portray an analysis where marijuana was found to display harmful effects similar to cocaine and morphine, although to a lesser degree (Term paper on Legalization Of Marijuana.). Even though, two decades of constant research efforts could not substantially establish that marijuana possesses medical significance, moreover, drugs cannot be approved in smoking type. Marijuana displayed some of the harmful consequences in some AIDS patients due to its potential in reducing white blood cells which are the defense cells of human body. Additionally, if marijuana is legalized it is bound to enhance drug offense or in other terms legalization of marijuana is a green signal to the legalization of drug abuse. Considering both the viewpoints, it could be wrapped up that marijuana is a wonder drug for relentlessly ailing cases

Anthropology Concept of the Home

Anthropology Concept of the Home Annotated Bibliography: Home Introduction In this paper, I will be reviewing 4 readings which are closely related to homes and dwelling. I will also analyse and assess the strengths and weakness on each reading based on the explanations and theories presented on each reading, based on the ideal home, the perception of home and the concept of home within the anthropological perspective. A home or a domicile is a dwelling-place used as a permanent or semi-permanent residence for an individual, family, household or several families. It is often a house, apartment, or other building, or alternatively a mobile home, houseboat, yurt, shack, etc. Homes typically provide areas and facilities for sleeping, preparing food, eating and hygiene. Homes also provide a private space which allows the residents to separate from the outside world. Homes can also be used in a variety different ways in comparison to public space or quasi-public spaces in which certain rules and regulations are mandatory. When secure and legal dwellings are not available due to financial or geographical reasons, residents can be forced to live in informal and/or illegal shacks found in slums and shanty towns in a geographical region. Slums and shanty towns are still present in developing nations in the modern era. Generally, home may be considered to be a geographic area, such as a town, village, suburb, city, or country. Bachelard, G. 1958. The Poetics of Space: The Classic Look at how we Experience Intimate Places. (1994 edition, translated by M. Jolas) Boston: Beacon Press Gaston Bachelards book, The Poetics of Space provides an intriguing insights into the meaning of spaces which incorporate poetry, primarily focusing on intimate private spaces such as a house. Within, the home, examples such as a drawer, a night dresser are mentioned and analysed from an anthropological and philosophical perspective. Also, outdoor spaces such as vistas, gardens, trees and woods are also examined in a similar manner, both indoor and outdoor spaces are examined in a poetic manner in comparison to a structured manner which is different than most standard academic readings, therefore the book is appealing to wider audiences. In the first chapter of the book, Bachelard focuses on the interior domestic space within the home and its components, such as rooms and objects within a room, primarily focusing on furniture, dà ©cor and windows, doors etc. Bachelard also continues to pursue the investigation of the acceptance of the subjective consciousness and the poetic image. Bachelard also states that an acceptance within the domestic space which also demands with great openness from residents or guests, and a focus on the present experience different time frames. Bachelard states that a home is the essential, almost living object, meaning that the home according its residents, they experience an epitomical memories with the home setting. Bachelard claims the home is categorised as a personal universe, claiming that all really inhabited space bears the essence of the notion of home (The Poetics of Space, 1958, p.5). Bachelard, continues to examine the home as the expression and explanation of the soul through literary images and poetic images. This is found in most forms of poetry. Bachelard examines different locations in the home as certain places of memory and also intimacy which are also expressed in poetry. This also provides a detailed anthropological, philosophical and psychological perspectives of the home to the reader. Bachelard focuses on the poetic images of the home for it being the property of the innocence and relative consciousness, something which precedes conscious thought from the people who are present, the home does not require extensive knowledge and is the product of the heart and soul according to the resident. Bachelard also describes the direct relation of poetry to reality and vice versa which intensifies the reality of certain perceived objects (imagination augments the values of reality, The Poetics of Space, p.3). Bachelard claims, poetry is directed at one and the same time both outwards and inwards, therefore establishing a future discussion of outside and inside (in relation to home and other public spaces) which is familiar to anyone who is familiar with the theories of public and private space. Bachelard claims that the home has both complexity and unity, it is made out of experiences and memories, Bachelard also introduces his concept of topo-analysis, which he defines as a psychological studying of the sites of our intimate lives which is done systematically. The house, the most intricate and intimate of all public and private spaces, in which it protects the daydreamer and thus understanding the house is a way to understand the soul and also the spiritual attributes of a human being. Heidegger, M. 1951. Building, Dwelling, Thinking. In: (trans. A. Hofstadter) Poetry, Language, Thought [New York: Harper, 1971], pp. 145-61 Martin Heideggers Building Dwelling Thinking begins with a strong argument that a dwelling structure (primarily focusing on fixed buildings) is essentially and ideally designed for a person or family as their own private space for many dwelling related purposes. However, Heidegger also states certain definitions and considerations that undermine the clarity and simplicity of this statement. Heidegger argues that not all buildings are designed for dwelling, which is obvious when considering factories, hospitals, schools, office buildings etc. The fundamental framework for Building Dwelling Thinking is to investigate into the relationships and processes between the concepts of building and dwelling, and to question the meaning behind dwelling, how building relates to dwelling and does building in itself allows for dwelling. Heidegger claims that the modern world has brought about a negative perception and analysis between building and dwelling. Heideggers perception was formed during the post war housing crisis in the 1950s in Europe, as the original article was published during the housing shortage which was common in the early 1950s. Heidegger also examines the origins for most key words (e.g. build) and analyses the words based on meaning from an anthropological and philosophical perspective, which helps to build strong arguments and gather further insights from the mid-20th century from a historical perspective. Heidegger claims that the key words have lost their original meanings in regards to existing or being in a certain place, primarily focusing on dwellings. Heidegger then proceeds to argue in regards to the manner in which we reside in residential buildings. Heidegger also provides a very overt philosophical perceptive about the manner in regards to our identity on Earth within a dwelling. However, for residents who may not own a property or living in a semi-permanent or temporary accommodation, the true emotions of belonging at home is disputed as some individuals may feel that home is a part of their identity, but other residents may disagree with this perspective. In terms of describing the relationships between dwelling, Heidegger claims that modern times (then post-war era) has brought a large, complex confusion in the understanding and processes of relationship between building and dwelling from a sociological perspective which is also stated in the readings very overtly. Heidegger also states, as buildings are not conceived to be related to the state of a dwellers existence in the world. Buildings in particular, are not problematic as the ability for a building to provide housing or shelter is in this article is considered as being adequate. Heidegger also clarifies the properties and functions of buildings and their relationship with dwellers, with considering social and cultural aspects of a dwellers lifestyle. Buildings and dwellings are also a part of a local community which can lead to a certain community to experience a mutual sense of the present, past and a future. Dwellings according to Heidegger are a fixed, permanent place and in order to be situated in a certain relationship with a dwellers existence, a relationship is characterized by enabling and nurturing the world through dwellings and their omnipotence. According to Heidegger, the basic character of dwelling is to spare, to preserveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ dwelling itself is always a staying with things. Dwelling, as preserving, keeps the fourfold in that with which mortals stay: in things (Heidegger, 1951 pp.150-151). This also questions the meaning of home to dwellers who live a non-permanent fixtures such as shacks, tents and yurts. Kaufman, E. 2002. Living Virtually in a Cluttered House. Angelaki, vol.7, no. 3, pp. 159 169 Living Virtually in a Cluttered House by Eleanor Kaufman, provides a modern insight to readers in regards to the internet revolution within the home and beyond, Kaufman also assesses and analyses the human interaction within the home through virtual visions and experiences from a psychological and philosophical perspective alongside an explanation for the evolution of home through a historical perspective. Kaufmann starts the article with segments from Gaston Bachelards book, The Poetics of Space (1958), which provides a good solid arguments for advanced thought within the home. Kaufman assesses and analyses the evolution of the home throughout various historical periods. Kaufman also claims a detailed analysis of the space of the Baroque house, which is defined by the fact that it has only two levels and, moreover, a folded space that separates them. The universe as a stairwell marks the Neo-platonic tradition. (Kaufman, 2002 pp. 159). Kaufman, also traces the history of levels within the home which began during the Baroque-era, as the eras contribution is a home with only two floors, which is standard in most houses in the modern era, separated by a wall or barrier that echoes, similar to terraced houses and apartments. Kaufman also claims that the two different levels are used differently and are also divided based on activity, privacy and safety, At issue here are, on the one hand, the demarcation of two distinct floors or levels and, on the other, the liminal or boundary space the fold or point of inflection where the two levels come together. (Kaufman, 2002, pp. 159) The two levels of the Baroque house would appear to be diametric opposites: the lower level is large, open, public and spacious, while the upper level is small, windowless, private, and closed. Furthermore, the lower level corresponds with the body while the upper level corresponds with the soul. (Kaufman, 2002, pp159) Kaufman claims that the levels within the home cannot be separate from each other, as the first floor cannot exist without the second floor, or there is one floor. Then again, and this may be preoccupied in what follows, the question remains on whether or not one floor question remains on whether or not a I flooring is actually single or whether or not it conjointly presupposes a virtual second floor. It appears that the latter is that the case a minimum of in France wherever the enumeration of floors begins with what in American nomenclature language is already the second floor. Such conundrums riddle may well be worked out indefinitely, however what matters is that they need real referring to the means we have a tendency to understand the area distance around United States and therefore real referring to the means lives and lived, notably in non-extreme moments, here and currently that is most of the time. This question of the double dubiousness of the image belonging or contiguousness of 2 distinct however indivisible entities involves the foreground in another philosophical register, that is that of the relation between mind and body, relative between intellect and resonator. Victimisation the framework of the Baroque house as some extent of departure, firm as a mathematical notation of divergence. Kaufman also bases her argument through the works of Gilles Deleuze, a well-respected French philosopher. Deleuze connects this framework on varied occasions to the mind-body head-substance question. Whereas treating this question consistently with relevance Deleuze would need a lot of in-depth analysis, its helpful and beneficial here to illustrate however Deleuzes model of Baroque area conjointly serves manikin of Baroque area conjointly function an abstract model for the same relation between body and soul. Robben, A. C. G. M. 1989. Habits of the Home: Spatial Hegemony and the Structuration of House and Society in Brazil. American Anthropologist, vol. 91, no. 3, pp. 570 588 Habits of the Home provides an intricate glimpse into special hegemony and housing structures in a coastal town, Camurim. Camurim is a coastal town of around 6,000 inhabitants the state of Bahia in northeast Brazil. This socio-spatial organization of the house gains a full capacity. The social relationships and limits fit those of the economic, domestic, through the economy, planned within the home, correspondence of those 2 levels of a stratified results of associate degree informative method during which social perspective of the domestic world. For example, the fabric reply to his written agreement obligations at work, space resembles the competition for standing in within the bedchamber is expounded to the importance of couple. Nonetheless this informative method isnt solely same time, the public toilet economic and public positions, the interpretation and copy. House and society represent area unit reflected nonetheless reworked within the alternative. during this article, Robben clarifies the complicated relation associate degree associate degreealysis of the domestic world of fishermen a sketch of the anthropology setting associate degree, Robben also demonstrates that the organization of society domains isnt an analytic however an empirical polygamous areas exist among the house, the sea, create phased transitions between the 3 domains lowed by an outline of the principal reciprocal direction of the social group and domestic domains can discuss the organization of the house and domains of society. However, Robben highlights variations of the socio-spatial habitus make to totally different erected between house and society. The four-six man fishing crews can stay up to 10 days. They exploit a colossal space of coral reefs and sand banks between the coastal waters and also the fringe of the ocean floor. The twelve largest vessels fish solely with hand lines, whereas the smaller boats alternate between the employment of trawl nets, gill nets, and hand lines. The high price of even the small powerboat ($6,000) has resulted during a patronage system during which some former boat fishermen have succeeded in befriending native landowners to co-sign their bank loans. The growing monopolisation of those social networks by the boat house owners has hindered the upward quality of the boat fishermen. The road is seen as impure, because the supply of evil, as a place of danger conflict that will damage the members of the unit if its dangerous influences are penetrate. Physical markers, thresholds, and ambiguous areas area unit erected that serve rework folks symbolically throughout their transition from one social domain to. According to Robben, residents in Camurim make certain to wipe their feet on the adorned doormat rests on the threshold after they enter a house as a symbolic gesture that they convey evil to the house. Conclusion To conclude, all readings are closely related to homes and dwelling and describe the various themes of home, in regards to personal space and a sense of belonging. Also, between Heidegger (1951) and Robben (1989), there is a rigid perceptive on dwellings and their strong bonds. However, this may not be applicable to residents who may in semi-permanent or temporary buildings. Kaufman (2002), provide a modern arguments to the relationships between dwellers and dwellings through a comparison of ancient era buildings and their structures. Bachelard (1958) provides a fluid, open argument behind the meaning of each designed room within the home. Bachelard also assesses the home from a psychological and philosophical perspective which provides more details for a holistic argument. However, in the modern era the concept of home being separate from the outside world is changing. Due to advancement in technology, the home is also becoming a place to socialise, work and build alongside the outside world through medium such as mobile phones, PCs and tablets. These ideas and viewpoints may be challenged in the present and in the future. Bibliography Bachelard, G. 1958. The Poetics of Space: The Classic Look at how we Experience Intimate Places. (1994 edition, translated by M. Jolas) Boston: Beacon Press Heidegger, M. 1951. Building, Dwelling, Thinking. In: (trans. A. Hofstadter) Poetry, Language, Thought [New York: Harper, 1971], pp. 145-61 Kaufman, E. 2002. Living Virtually in a Cluttered House. Angelaki, vol.7, no. 3, pp. 159 169 Robben, A. C. G. M. 1989. Habits of the Home: Spatial Hegemony and the Structuration of House and Society in Brazil. American Anthropologist, vol. 91, no. 3, pp. 570 588

Faustus Essay -- essays research papers

â€Å"Out of ancient myth of the magician who sells his soul to the Devil for occult powers, Marlowe has fashioned a veritable fable of Renaissance man† (Source 5 113).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The goal of any true renaissance man is to improve himself. This goal may border on heresy, as it leads to a man trying to occupy the same position as God. Lucifer commits this same basic sin to cause his own fall. To Doctor Faustus, this idea of sin is of no concern at the beginning of Christopher Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus. Faustus’ goal is to become god-like himself. In order to accomplish this, he learns of science and shows an interest in magic. He turns to the pleasures of magic and art and the poewr of scientific knowledge as substitutes for the Christian faith he has lost† (source 5 115). Clearly, this total disregard for God makes Faustus an atheist. However, it is only his renaissance quality, which seals his damnation, not his lack of faith. It is interesting to note how Faustus directly parallels Marlowe himself. The play is written as if Marlowe’s vindication of Faustus will vindicate him in the end. This has a direct effect o n style as well as the overall spin, which Marlowe takes on the archetype. Such as strong connection between Faustus and Marlowe makes it practical to speak of the damnation of both of these interesting characters almost simultaneously. Therefore, Marlowe and Faustus are both damned by their own self-improvement, not only by God, but also by themselves, and society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Doctor Faustus opens with a depiction of Faustus as the perfect Renaissance man. â€Å"He is partly an artist, who does not wish to glorify God, as his medieval predecessors did, but to applaud and please man; he is partly a scientist and philosopher, whose hope is to make man more godlike and not to justify his miserable life on earth; and, most significantly he is a Protestant, a Lutheran by training who has attempted through Reformation to escape the evils he associates with a Roman Catholic Church.† (source 5 113) As the epitome of renaissance man, Faustus believes that he can infinitely improve himself (4 155). Faustus considers his life before his deal with Lucifer as one that has gone as far as current interests may carry him. He notes in the opening scene â€Å"Then read no more; thou hast attained the end. / A greater subject fitteth Faustus’... ...arlowe humanizes him. â€Å"Faustus has the complicated modern soul. He is tragic because his dillema is real† (source 6 62). As a realistic character, Faustus experiences the common feelings which occur in any person’s battle with faith. Marlowe creates a character whose flaw is so slight, yet who is fatally flawed at the same time. This over ambition creates the perfect balance between the extremes of flaw. â€Å"There is a desperate fatalism about Marlowe that the most desirable things are subject to cosmic veto† (source 9 226). Marlowe succeeds in accomplishing his ultimate goal of creating a character which vindicates his own beliefs. The damnation of Faustus as well as the life of Marlowe both prove to demonstrate that unchecked ambition lead to complete damnation and utter loss of happiness in society. Although Marlowe does well in humanizing Faustus, it is still clear how he was damned and why. Marlowe’s biography also is tragic in the same way. All of Marlowe’s as well as Faustus’ damnation both are easily attributed to their ambitious nature which is almost a piece of the archetype to which Icarus and Lucifer both belong. Clearly, the ultimate answer to this problem is moderation.

Oliver Twist Essay

Oliver Twist is the second novel written by Charles Dickens. It is all about Oliver who was an orphan living the world of crimes in London. The novel was published in Bentley’s Miscellany in a monthly basis. George Cruikshank was the illustrator of the said novel. Criticisms and opinions were gathered y Dickens as introducing the world of crimes. He exposed to the world the life of criminals and prostitutes. With this criticisms and comments, he took the opportunity of presenting a good view of his composition. He did not take the critics in a negative way. Among the works of Dickens, Oliver twist is the presented in a dramatic form. Oliver twist appears in series of novel in 10 theaters in London. The novel was also made with 25 numbers of versions since it started in 1906. The Famous Roman Polanski was the also made his own version of Oliver Twist. In the Oliver Twist, Oliver was an infant born in a workshop. After the adaptation of Oliver, he the came to an infant farm where he came o develop himself and then get back to the working place. Orphans were put to the workhouse to get their selves a home to get into. In the workplace, the orphans were experiencing the inhumane and mistreatment. With these mistreatments, the orphans were put into starvation. Oliver was asked to stand before his comrades to talk with their masters about the issue. Troublemaker is also named or recognized after Oliver. He does some job for other person who wishes to take him (Dickens, 2003). Oliver outside the workplace life was uneasy at first. He was so tired and hungry. He didn’t expect that life was also misery. Jack Dawkins is one of the persons who help Oliver by giving him a place to stay. Even though, he was recently together with thieves, he was still finds people who help him. As he stays with Dawkins, he also works with him. He came to the world of pick pocketers. With his work with Dawkins, he was also accused for some crimes. With the crimes being accused for him, he came to experience the world of criminals and prostitutes. He had himself put into a world where there are many negative insights. The life of Oliver really became a misery when he came with the criminals and do some criminal works. His life was also nearly put to death when he once put into criminal work when he was shot. With this misery life of Oliver he came to know about his family roots. He came to know who his brother is. He talks with Maylies and Doctor Losberne about his misery life. He had a brother who is a monk and he was claimed to be an inherited to a monk. Oliver was also an inheritor of an estate which his father wrote in will before his father died. And because of this they wanted to have the inheritance of Oliver. In the end, Oliver made a life of good after he had also got the inheritance. Oliver Twist is of the great novel of Dickens. The novel presented a story of humor and wit. The novel is of poverty mode and of cruelty. Oliver Twist may e given recognition for his thoughts about the world and its great creativity of story. With this Novel of Dickens, he used some world views. He relates the Novel with religion world view. He uses some facts with the monks when tackling about the religion. He discussed that eve though the family of Oliver was of different religions, they were still putting the peace on their heart. With respect to the political view, the politics in the novel represents some deficiencies of the true form of politics in the whole wide world. It was presented and explained on the novel how the politics is some sort of injustice. The real politics and politics in this novel are neither really similar nor different. In the geographical view, the novel was situated in way that the geographical mode is of the same way with the time of the novel was presented. It was situated in a community where people experienced difficulties with respect to community of criminals ad prostitutes. The people in the novel were creating a way that the geographic position of the community is essential. Tackling with the social view, the author speaks for the truth about the social community. It is explained in the novel that people need other people to survive in the community. People are born for other people. No man is an island. In order to survive the cruelty of the world, one person should have great communication and social interactions with other people. And last but not the least, about the economic view. One of the great topics in this novel is about the economic view. It is presented here that in life of poverty and scruelty; people were doing unnecessary things just to make their life into fulfillment. People may do some crimes and other illegal works just to survive in the low economized community. The use of providing great world issues in the Novel is a way to provide creativity with the said religion, political, economical, social and geographical ways. The author, Charles Dickens have very wide thought about the current issues I his time that he came to develop a novel with story that relates to the whole wide world. I is necessary for him that he even does not have good experiences in writing had no acclaimed awards for his works he still make it expressive for him to provide meaningful Novel. The Novel in particular was really fascinating for the story it provides is viewers or readers, it catches most of the reader’s attention. It does not need o make some more great speculations for the story to make it interesting. It was interesting in many ways. With its thoughts and ideas, it is still interesting. List of Reference Dickens, C. Oliver Twist. New York. Penguin Books; 2003.

One of the major characteristics that Beowulf and Hamlet Essay

One of the major characteristics that Beowulf and Hamlet share is the fact that they both rid Denmark of a treacherous monster who poses a serious threat to the land. Beowulf uses his warrior-like skills to fight and conquer a physical monster who literally haunts the swamps outside the state and plagues it with murderous acts. Hamlet’s monster is also one who commits murderous acts, though this is in the form of his uncle Claudius who kills the King (Hamlet’s father) and usurps the Danish throne. The two men, Hamlet and Beowulf, are thrown into these battles as youth, and both take on the challenge willingly. In fact, Beowulf travels from Geatland specifically to meet the challenge of fighting Grendel. Hamlet too takes it upon himself to kill Claudius as soon as he finds out that this man has been the agent of his father’s death. Another characteristic that both Hamlet and Beowulf share is their death and the method in which this occurs. Both are defeated in their final efforts at ridding their homelands of the evil that had infiltrated. In fact, both die though their efforts are successful. Beowulf dies at the hand of the final monster (the dragon) whom he succeeds in slaying, but who also deals Beowulf a deathly blow that eventually kills him. Hamlet also has a similar experience in that, while he is able to slay Claudius by the end of the play, he is caught with a poisoned sword and eventually expires after all his enemies have died. The two characters die by peripheral (yet fatal) blows given them during the melee. Both show bravery by continuing to fight even while they are mortally wounded. Eventually, both succumb to the serious wounds they have acquired, yet they die in the victory of knowing they have defeated their enemies. Beowulf and Hamlet also differ in many ways, one of which is the character that they show throughout the play. While Beowulf displays a warrior-like character, Hamlet shows himself to be fearful and awkward in acting out the desires of his heart. Beowulf is eager to come to the aid of the King of Denmark, and he pauses only to partake of the feast given in his honor before he sets out to kill Grendel. When he encounters the monster, he loses no time in indecision but immediately performs the actions necessary to kill the beast. In fact, Beowulf fights three ferocious beasts throughout the story with the same vivacity and fierceness. Hamlet differs from Beowulf in his character, and he displays the tendency to employ a much more subdued and stealthy course of action. Though he too determines to defend the honor of Denmark’s (former) king by killing his murderer, he demonstrates a greater portion of dalliance and indecision than does Beowulf. When he gets his first chance to kill Claudius, his idle thoughts concerning the condition of Claudius’ heart (while praying) leads him to forfeit that chance and allow Claudius to live. He fails in his pursuits far more than Beowulf does too, because in his second attempt to kill Claudius, he ends up killing Polonius instead. In these ways, Hamlet shows himself to lack self confidence in a manner that is vastly different from Beowulf the ready warrior. Beowulf and Hamlet show differences in the tenure of their lives and the fulfilment of their royal destinies. Hamlet, unlike Beowulf, fails to ascend to the throne to which he is heir. He dies before the throne falls vacant and also fails to prove King Claudius a usurper in any effort to gain his rightful place on the throne. Beowulf, on the other hand, is able to spend fifty years as ruler of his Geat kingdom. In addition to this, Beowulf differs from Hamlet in his ability to live out his live and to attain old age. He is able to demonstrate his strength as a ruler for many years and to gain the respect of his subjects. Hamlet, who dies young, is unable to do any of this. He is never able to command the subjects over whom he was destined to rule precisely because of the fact that his life ends tragically in his youth. Therefore, while both men perform in the role of princes during their youth, Beowulf becomes promoted to the level of king while Hamlet dies with all his potential. Works Cited Beowulf. The Harvard Classics, Volume 49. Frances B. Grummere (Trans. ) 1910. P. F. Collier & Son, 1993. Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. London: Penguin, 1994.

Plug and Play essays

Plug and Play essays Technological advances have swept our society into the twenty- first century. Many accessories have become easily compatible to take personal PCs to new heights. Windows 95 was the first operating system to offer the feature of plug and play. Adding new hardware to your computer is easier than ever because it is set up to communicate by means of an I/O address, interrupt request, and a direct memory access channel. By powering on your system, your computer recognizes immediately new devices looking to be installed or used. In the past, in order to have the same method that computers carry now, you would have to purchase a compatible piece of hardware, set the hardware jumpers, physically install the card, install configuration software, reboot your computer hoping everything is in working order. Now in present times, available to you is full compatibility and support for legacy hardware, support for mobile computing including hot-docking and hot-plugging of plug and play devices, automated configuration and installation of plug and play peripherals, centralized hardware configuration information in the windows 95 registry, and lastly reduced user support. One of the most frustrating areas of operating a computer is installing hardware and or configuration of devices. Accessories such as joysticks, CD recorders, scanners, digital cameras, printers, speaker systems, and other components are the most common features people adapt to their systems. However, enabling these devices would take a significant amount of time and intelligence in order to have them operating to their full capabilities. Proper commands and certain sequences of changing system properties is required, yet with plug and play none of these problems are encountered. Whether your desires are to joystick your way through a three dimensional helicopter game, or use a digital camera to record real live action, plug and play is what m ...

Free Essays on Womens Sufferage

Women’s Sufferage Alice Paul and Carrie Chapman Catt were fighting for the same women's rights in the mid 1900’s but they were nothing a like. Alice Paul was a radical Quaker who lead the more militant suffragists. She add an unseen energy to her movement. She had spent years earlier in England where she had worked with the more militant suffragist, Emily Pankherst. In 1913 she returned to the United States she established the Congressional Union within the NAWSA to lobby for a federal amendment. Paul became impatient with the slow pace and joined forces with western women voters to form the more militant National Women’s Party. This party had a more aggressive and dramatic tactics that the United States had not seen from a suffragist group. Paul and about 200 other women protested at Wilson's inaugural condemning the president and democrats for failing to produce a amendment supporting their movement. Alice Paul and all 200 women were sent to prison. That summer they chained them selves to the white house fence after attempting to scale it. After their arrest, they were strip searched and place with the other criminals in jail. Paul reacted by going on a hunger strike while in jail. This in jail strike created a lot of sympathy and the much needed publicity for the militant group. Paul had finally started to get Wilson's attention. Carrie Chapman Catt was a composed woman who married into her wealth. She was a school teacher who made her move in women's right when she was elected to the school board. She had recently re-married when she first became involved in the women's suffrage movement. She lived separate from her new husband for four months so she could deticate herself to the NAWSA. In 1915 she became President of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. Before the NAWSA was under her leadership most suffrage activists opposed the war, now they were behind it 100 percent. This support doubled it member... Free Essays on Womens Sufferage Free Essays on Womens Sufferage Women’s Sufferage Alice Paul and Carrie Chapman Catt were fighting for the same women's rights in the mid 1900’s but they were nothing a like. Alice Paul was a radical Quaker who lead the more militant suffragists. She add an unseen energy to her movement. She had spent years earlier in England where she had worked with the more militant suffragist, Emily Pankherst. In 1913 she returned to the United States she established the Congressional Union within the NAWSA to lobby for a federal amendment. Paul became impatient with the slow pace and joined forces with western women voters to form the more militant National Women’s Party. This party had a more aggressive and dramatic tactics that the United States had not seen from a suffragist group. Paul and about 200 other women protested at Wilson's inaugural condemning the president and democrats for failing to produce a amendment supporting their movement. Alice Paul and all 200 women were sent to prison. That summer they chained them selves to the white house fence after attempting to scale it. After their arrest, they were strip searched and place with the other criminals in jail. Paul reacted by going on a hunger strike while in jail. This in jail strike created a lot of sympathy and the much needed publicity for the militant group. Paul had finally started to get Wilson's attention. Carrie Chapman Catt was a composed woman who married into her wealth. She was a school teacher who made her move in women's right when she was elected to the school board. She had recently re-married when she first became involved in the women's suffrage movement. She lived separate from her new husband for four months so she could deticate herself to the NAWSA. In 1915 she became President of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. Before the NAWSA was under her leadership most suffrage activists opposed the war, now they were behind it 100 percent. This support doubled it member...

Questions to Ask During Your Medical School Interview

Questions to Ask During Your Medical School Interview Interviews are all about questions- not only for the applicant but for the interviewer as well. Most medical school applicants spend a great deal of time considering what they might be asked and how they will respond. No doubt about it, you will be grilled during your interview for medical school. Although tips for applying to medical school abound, many med school interview candidates dont realize is that the interview is also a time to ask questions. In fact, you will even be judged on the quality of your questions. Asking good questions is important because it shows that you are informed and interested in the program. More importantly, it is only by asking relevant questions that you will gather the information needed to determine if a particular medical school is right for you. The admissions committee is not just interviewing you. You are interviewing them. Too often candidates take the position that they will attend any school that admits them. Remember that you need to choose a program that is a good match for you. It is only by asking questions that you can accurately determine that. What Not To Ask One caveat about asking questions: Remember to do your homework. You should already know a lot about the program. Your questions should never ask about simple information that can be gleaned off of the website. You are expected to be aware of such materials. Instead, your questions should probe and follow up on what you have already learned. Never ask any personal questions of the interviewer either- unless they specifically relate to how that person enjoys the environment, classes or professors of that med school. Steer clear of questions whose answers dont help you understand the program better or that delve too deeply into the person sitting in front of you (though polite questions like how are you? are completely fine in conversation). This is your chance to get to know the school, not the interviewer. That said, it is important to tailor your questions to your interviewer. For example, ask questions about the quality of life  that the interviewer, as a resident of the school, would know the answers to.   Curriculum and Evaluations One of the primary reasons to choose one medical school over another is the courses offered specifically in that program. Therefore it is important to ask if there are any special programs for which this medical school is notably special. Its even better to ask about specific programs youve researched on the school website or course catalog.   Since most medical programs are slightly different with how they handle clinical application years, it is also important to ask the interviewer to describe the curriculum during the pre-clinical and clinical years and if there is any flexibility in the coursework (how many  electives  are offered and the timing of the courses). What makes this program different than another similar program youve discovered at another school? What difference is there in teaching style? Questions like these will help you determine if the medical school youre applying to is the right fit. Evaluation of students can also be drastically different from one institution to another. If the website or course catalog does not specifically cover the topic, you should ask your interviewer how students are academically evaluated and what the course of action is should a student perform poorly. How does the school assist students who do not pass? Clinical evaluations, similarly, can be carried out differently from school to school, so you should also ask about their process for such.   The future of students attending this particular med school can also help you determine whether or not you can achieve your goals as a student by attending. Asking how do students from this  medical school  perform on the National Board Examinations (percentage-wise) and which residency programs the recent graduates were accepted to can shed some light on the likelihood an education at this program will improve your chances of getting into the residence of your choice. If you have a narrower idea of where youd like to attend medical school, perhaps asking what clinical sites are available (rural, urban or private) and if students are permitted to do rotations at other institutions will provide more insight into the programs offerings.   Resources and Faculty-Student Interactions Speaking of resources, it is important that at the end of the interview you understand exactly what tools the program has to help you along in your college career. Ask about the library and electronic journal database access- is it, in the interviewers opinion, adequate for all the current medical information you will need. Further, what computer and technology resources are available to students? It is critically important, especially in modern times, that the program offers adequate resources, so dont hesitate to ask for clarification on any of their availability.   Also, finding out what kind of academic, personal, financial and career counseling services are available can help you better understand how well the program cares for the individual needs of its students. If you are a minority or special interest group, you may want to know the diversity of the student body and any support services or organizations for ethnic minorities and women the school may offer. If you are married, asking if there are services available for spouses and dependents will alleviate some of your concerns with family issues.   In terms of faculty-student interactions, you may want to know how each advisor is assigned and what the working relationship with students is throughout the program. This typically includes work on faculty research, so you may want to ask how that gets assigned and if students are given the opportunity to design, conduct and publish their own research.   Financial Aid Medical school can be expensive- very expensive- so asking about what kinds of  financial aid are offered could be imperative to the pursuit of your medical school degree. You should ask the interview how common it is for students to have unmet needs in their financial aid package  and how these students come up with the extra funds. Perhaps someone is available to assist  students with financial aid, budgeting, and financial planning?   In any case, it is important that before you finish the interview you have a bit more comfort in how you will manage to pay for your tuition and degree. Asking a variety of questions surrounding financial aid, including clarifying exactly what the expected cost of tuition will be, can help give you this piece of mind.   Student Involvement Its important to remember that you are paying for your education and you alone are responsible for making the most of your education. One of the best ways to ensure this (other than choosing professors and courses suited best to you) is to get involved on campus and in the program itself. Ask your interviewer what medical school committees have student representation and what opportunities exist for students to provide program feedback and participate in  curriculum planning. This will allow you more freedom to influence your program to most benefit your curriculum goals. Similarly, the student council or government involvement may be an important question to ask.   In terms of the valuable on-the-job experiences that will go toward future residence applications, community service also plays a key role in your education. You may consider asking if most students are involved in those activities and which community service opportunities are available to students. It might even be a requirement of completing your degree, so its best to ask the interviewer exactly how the program regards and encourages student involvement.   Campus Policies As a student entering the medical field, you should understand the importance of an institutions response to medical emergencies and virus outbreaks. Consider asking your interviewer what the protocol is for dealing with student exposure to infectious diseases. Are vaccinations provided against Hepatitis B or prophylactic AZT treatment in case of a needle-stick or accident? There are many more campus policy questions you could ask depending on your lifestyle, career goals, and medical needs as a student. For instance, if you are a student living with a disability, you might consider asking if  disability insurance  is provided by the school. If you hope to fast-track your degree, you may ask about the possibility of taking on a heavier course load. Inversely, if you are working full-time and hope to only enroll in night classes, you may ask what the campus policy is for attendance and when courses are offered, specifically. If you anticipate a loved one passing or needing critical care and you are forced to leave school, you may ask what the grievance procedure is for the institution. Location and Quality of Life If youre relocating to the area for school- especially if the interview happens to coincide with your first visit to its location- you may want to ask specific questions about the city and campus standard of living. Asking what the housing facilities are like and if most students live on or off campus is perfectly acceptable as long as the information has not already been provided on the website (do your research first). Even personal lifestyle questions like what the neighborhood is like and what kind of stores and restaurants are around are okay to ask in this vein of questioning. Commuting may become an issue if you choose off-campus housing. You should ask your interviewer if a car is necessary and what public and school transit options are available if you choose to do so.   Questions to Ask Yourself The answers the interviewer gives to all of the above questions should serve to give you a better understanding of what being a student of the medical school will entail. Once youve completed the interview, its time to review your notes and ask yourself a few questions that will help you decide if the program is truly right for you.   Start with the core curriculum and education program offered. Does this school provide training in the type of medicine you want to practice- primary versus specialized care, urban versus rural practice, academic medicine or private practice education? Is the program specific (or broad) enough to meet the needs of your professional goals? Do you like the professors youve researched or heard about in the program? These questions will guide you to the most important facet of choosing a program: is it the right fit for me? If yes- and you have more than one yes program- you should then examine how you feel about the school itself and the neighborhood youll be living to attend classes. Compare the perks and disadvantages of attending each of the programs that suit your educational needs. Will you be happy at the school? In the neighborhood? If youve answered yes to all of these, youve found the program for you!

Assessment project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Assessment project - Assignment Example William Workman High School represents a public school based in California, City of Industry. It is one among the four high schools within the Hacienda La Puente Unified School District. Workman enrolls students from Grandview Middle school, Valinda School of Academics and Sierra Vista Middle School. In 2013, William Workman was graded by greatschools.net at 5 out of 10. Grover Cleveland entails a public school that teaches grades 9 to 12. The Cleveland Humanities Magnet is a section of the Cleveland High school. The school is situated within Reseda in San Fernando Valley found in Los Angeles, California. Cleveland is found in the Los Angeles Unified School District; and the school was named after the U. S. President Grover Cleveland. Cleveland High school represents the single comprehensive school which has the title, California Distinguished School. In 2013, the number of students who participated in the API program, at Grover Cleveland high School, totaled 2,387. The numerically significant groups in the API program in the school are; blacks or African Americans (113), Asians (310), Hispanic or Latino (1,479), Whites (370), English learners (368), socioeconomic disadvantaged (1,711) and students with disabilities (251). The other social groups minimally represented include; American Indians (11), Filipino (96), Pacific Islanders (7), and two or more races (1). In 2013, the number of students who took part in the API initiative totaled 823, in William Workman High School. The numerically significant social groups during the API academic exercise are: Latino (748), socioeconomic disadvantage (755), English learners (288), and disabilities cases (114). The numerically insignificant social groups include; black Americans (11), Alaska native (3), Asian (19), Filipino (24), white (13), and two or more races (5). The level of academic growth of schools is illustrated through the use of the

Differentiation and Learning Styles Dissertation

Differentiation and Learning Styles - Dissertation Example Learners exhibit differences in their potentials that educators should focus on and to which new educators should be introduced. This is because some teachers find it challenging to deal with the differences. Many bases also exist for the differences. Some students are more brilliant than others are and some have more challenges in the learning process. Social backgrounds and language differences also form bases for differences. While identifying differences may be easy when dealing with small groups of students, large groups offer challenge but teachers can often organize students into smaller groups to facilitate personalized teacher-learner interaction and understanding of individual students (Wu 2013, 125- 133). The need for teacher training on differentiation also emerges from contradictions that result from differentiation attempts. Results from an empirical study show that policies, number of students, duration of lessons, inappropriate differentiation, and students’ di fferentiation initiatives without teachers’ attentions are significant factors to differentiation outcomes and teachers’ training on the factors is important (Rontou 2012, p. 146, 147). In addition to training educators, the educators’ approach to managing their classes has significant effects on differentiation and associated effects. An understanding of students’ background and their potentials and using this to motivate and empower students has demonstrated effectiveness in influencing learning processes.

Homework Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Homework - Assignment Example 4. What are some reasons you will use to prove your thesis? How will they be proven? will you compare contrast, look at cause/effect, evaluate the worth, define something in a new way, etc? (you can create an informal list here) 1) Web 2.0 promotes interaction and this process leads to student content creation and sharing. Sharing of quality ideas can lead to greater learning. This can be proven through studies that provide evidence for this relationship. 3) Web 2.0 supports critical and reflective participation as long as structured guidelines are provided and instructors place high value on critical thinking and use of scholarly references to support claims and ideas. This can be proven through studies that provide evidence for this relationship. In the first essay, we only worked with Lanier and Keen, but in your second essay youll be required to utilize the sources youve found for your annotated bibliography. Now that you have multiple viewpoints on your topic, its important to cover the issues of fairness and objectivity when working with outside sources.   *Fairness: I expect all of you to represent each authors point of view accurately and fairly--this means not changing the context in which ones words were said or changing the meaning. There should be no unfair distortions. *Objectivity: When you argue for your thesis, youre out to prove your point. However, this doesnt mean that you need to attack every viewpoint you disagree with. Each body paragraph that contains a source, whether or not you disagree with the source, should be represented objectively. This means introduce all sources in the same manner, then when you engage with the source in your analysis, you can obviously not only express your opinion but also prove it.   If we want to convince others to believe in our claims, we should respond to the strongest arguments of our opponents. In addition, objectivity is important because we

Honesty In Contemporary Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Honesty In Contemporary Politics - Essay Example The columnist Charles Blow in his issue has mainly discussed honesty, hypocrisy, and lies of the politicians. He talks mostly about Romney, the Republican nominated candidate for the presidency. He sides with the results of the Gallup poll that surveyed the sentiments of Independents and Republicans about Romney’s chances of re-election. This group surveyed is the group considered least likely to vote a Democrat and therefore the fact that they predict that Romney will lose by 20% of the votes is credible since they go against their biases. Blow’s sources are all credible, which is a clear indication of his commitment to veracity. This shows Charles Blow is unbiased, thus he gets views from all sides. The critical arguments made in the article are those that talk about Romney hypocrisy and dishonesty throughout his campaign trail (Blow). Romney contradicts himself countless times and this clearly shows that Romney was not honest about all the promises he was making. The article on Romney’s son intimated to Vladimir Putin personally, that his father Mitt Romney was intending to keep relations with Russia if elected. Blow states that Romney’s son, Matt, recently traveled to Russia and delivered a message to President Vladimir Putin. Later, Romney contradicts himself by saying he told a Russian known to be able to deliver messages to Mr. Putin. As a result of these contradictions, it’s unclear if the message actually got to Mr. Putin. This also does not give us actual evidence of whether Romney’s son actually intimated to the president of Russia. However, the article does accurately represent the state electorate before the United States 2012 elections (Blow). Charles Blow writes another column â€Å"The G.O.P fact vacuum.†

Equity and Trusts Assignment Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Equity and Trusts Assignment - Case Study Example The second general point is that in order for any trust provision to be valid, it must comply with the rule set out in Knight v Knight2 by Lord Langdale MR. This states that there must be three certainties in the trust provision, certainty of words, certainty of subject matter and certainty of objects.3 The certainty of words requirement was described in Re Kayford Ltd.4 as being akin to a certainty of intention. The intention is to impose a mandatory obligation on the trustees of how the trust property is to be dealt with. Regarding certainty of subject matter I do no see any issues. English law has long recognised the distinction between real and personal property, with real property being land, interests in land, and fixtures.6 Coupled with the condition that the property be in England and Wales, this description would allow for a clear identification of the trust property. Per Ungoed-Thomas, in Re Golay7 as long as property is capable of ascertainment, it will be valid. Regarding certainty of objects, if this is a discretionary trust then the requirement, as set out by the House of Lords in Macphail v Doulton8 is that it must be possible to determine whether any individual is within the class of beneficiaries or not, with absolute certainty. The Court of Appeal further clarified this requirement by stating9 that what was required with a discretionary trust was 'conceptual certainty' of the class. 'Evidential certainty' would then only be required for the members of the class that were actually to benefit, and the rest of the class, or the 'complete list' of beneficiaries need not be defined. However, since it states that the proceeds are to be distributed equally, it could also be a fixed trust, in which case the stricter requirement, known as 'complete list' certainty is required10. This means that there must be 'conceptual certainty' regarding who is or can potentially be a beneficiary. As well as this, there must be 'evidential certainty' identifying clearly, every single member of the class. Only if full certainty is present in both of these senses, will the trust be upheld as certain of objects. In this case, it should not be too difficult to establish who are the grandchildren of Marcus and therefore this provision should be successful. My shares in Delta to be sold and the proceeds, at the discretion of my trustees, to the employees and ex-employees of Delta. According to the beneficiary principle, 'for a trust to be valid it must be for the benefit of individuals'.11 This follows the simple logic that without beneficiaries, there is no owner of the property. This is the basic reason why purpose trusts, trusts that have as their goal some purpose other than the direct benefit of persons, are also invalid. However, in Re Denley's Trust Deed12 it was held that the maintenance of property for the benefit of

The Proofs of the Existence of God Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 119

The Proofs of the Existence of God - Essay Example Humanity has searched for the discovery of the nature of God for a long time since the conscious living. It is important to realize, whether people have any reason to believe in God's existence – or His absence. Faith widely does not incorporate reasoning. It looks like that these two areas of human perception lie in the parallel layers if reality and, thusly, do not cross. How does the concept of God’s foreknowledge correspond the concept of human freedom? There are also debated represented widely on the topics around the creationism and evolution. There is the question, what is the real role of the God in the creation of the universe and was He actually the one, who forced all this to start from the beginning of times? Â  One of the brilliant approaches was proposed by one of the greatest figures in the fields of philosophy, mathematics, and physics – Blaise Pascal. He is a genius of French origin, who invented the first mechanical adding machine. He also was one of the developers (together with Fermat), of modern probability theory. He was a genius indeed, as he invented his basic theorem of projective geometry at the age of 16 only. All the before-mentioned aimed to ensure the credibility and authority of the weight of his argument from probability for believing in God’s existence (Hacking). His approach is absolutely practical. It simply claims that the expected utility of belief in the existence of God far outreaches the expected utility of the absence of belief in God. Defining what he meant by that, it is important to know that he was a brilliant mathematician and his approach is absolutely logical and well-structured.

Equity and Trusts Assignment Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Equity and Trusts Assignment - Case Study Example The second general point is that in order for any trust provision to be valid, it must comply with the rule set out in Knight v Knight2 by Lord Langdale MR. This states that there must be three certainties in the trust provision, certainty of words, certainty of subject matter and certainty of objects.3 The certainty of words requirement was described in Re Kayford Ltd.4 as being akin to a certainty of intention. The intention is to impose a mandatory obligation on the trustees of how the trust property is to be dealt with. Regarding certainty of subject matter I do no see any issues. English law has long recognised the distinction between real and personal property, with real property being land, interests in land, and fixtures.6 Coupled with the condition that the property be in England and Wales, this description would allow for a clear identification of the trust property. Per Ungoed-Thomas, in Re Golay7 as long as property is capable of ascertainment, it will be valid. Regarding certainty of objects, if this is a discretionary trust then the requirement, as set out by the House of Lords in Macphail v Doulton8 is that it must be possible to determine whether any individual is within the class of beneficiaries or not, with absolute certainty. The Court of Appeal further clarified this requirement by stating9 that what was required with a discretionary trust was 'conceptual certainty' of the class. 'Evidential certainty' would then only be required for the members of the class that were actually to benefit, and the rest of the class, or the 'complete list' of beneficiaries need not be defined. However, since it states that the proceeds are to be distributed equally, it could also be a fixed trust, in which case the stricter requirement, known as 'complete list' certainty is required10. This means that there must be 'conceptual certainty' regarding who is or can potentially be a beneficiary. As well as this, there must be 'evidential certainty' identifying clearly, every single member of the class. Only if full certainty is present in both of these senses, will the trust be upheld as certain of objects. In this case, it should not be too difficult to establish who are the grandchildren of Marcus and therefore this provision should be successful. My shares in Delta to be sold and the proceeds, at the discretion of my trustees, to the employees and ex-employees of Delta. According to the beneficiary principle, 'for a trust to be valid it must be for the benefit of individuals'.11 This follows the simple logic that without beneficiaries, there is no owner of the property. This is the basic reason why purpose trusts, trusts that have as their goal some purpose other than the direct benefit of persons, are also invalid. However, in Re Denley's Trust Deed12 it was held that the maintenance of property for the benefit of

Slavery, Abolition and the South Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Slavery, Abolition and the South - Essay Example ed in hard battles and continued to sacrifice their lives throughout the war despite the fact that they were faced with death, being mutilated, being attacked by diseases and even being separated from their homes (Beckles 2000). Much of the fascination however is drawn from the willingness of the common Union and Confederate soldiers to engage in a war that was so ferocious and terrifying that today’s America cannot even imagine in engaging in such a fight (Blackmon 2008; Davis 1975). In For cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in Civil War, James McPherson, who is the author, has a unique opinion on his argument on why the soldiers initially went to war, He argues that the soldiers were encouraged to join the army as a sign of duty, loyalty and honour. He further argues that the images of manhood were just as essential to soldier motivation as group unity was. Moreover, McPherson believes that fanatic religious belief and ethnic animosity were not the main factors (McPherson 2002). One of the most seeming motivations that spanned the entire four soldier account was the enthusiasm of a sense of nationalism by having common discussion on the preservation or creation of a new government and nation. Both the Unionist and Confederate soldiers greatly used rhetoric and the country’s symbols of freedom, legacy and the constitution in expressing their drives of volunteering for service (Shankman 2014). However the North and South had a different logic and mode of approach to the use of these symbols. The South attained their nationalism and government due to their motivation for having fought in the civil war in a more tangible way as compared to their Union counterparts (Grayling 2007; Engerman 2001). One of the greatest seeming motivations that spanned the entire four soldier accounts was the motivation of a strong sense of patriotism by conversing the creation and or the preservation of a government and nation. Both the union and Confederate soldiers were

The Customer Prefrences In Hatchback Cars Marketing Essay

The Customer Prefrences In Hatchback Cars Marketing Essay The objective of the research study is to know, the Preferences of the customers in hatch back car market. This research covers all the preferences in car market that is that is regarding the design. The research will reveal that customers prefer in their car depending on their purchased car. The research will be carried out with sample size of 200 by questionnaire method. The samples were selected randomly. These samples were selected from all over Goa. Quantitative design: The raw data is acquired from the Net. Subsequently converted into questionnaire and then circulated to particular customers. After that the data was converted into graphical with findings. Qualitative Design: based on the quantitative data research opted for qualitative methodology based on the project purpose. A structured interview was conducted with the customers in order to obtain information. The interview permitted more direct comparability of responses, question variability had been eliminated and answer variability was assumed to be real. It has to be noted during the course of interview the interviews neutrally was maintained. During the course of interview behavioral observation study was also done on the interviewee (non verbal behavior, extra linguistic behavior). Pilot test: The qualitative research test was done with small sample of employees. The questions were then revised. Research Plan: Once the problem was identified, the next step I did was to prepare a plan for getting the information needed for the research. The present study was to adopt exploratory approach wherein there is need to gather data perform an analysis before making a conclusion. Maruti Swift Description : In the category of B-segment cars, Maruti Swift delivers new quality of power, response and fuel efficiency. Swift at present is available in three to five way door opening options. Swift is a car with great body graphics that offers the car a very aggressive and sporty look. The sporty look of the car has made it the most demanding car amongst the young crowd. Maruti Swift is sure to be said a head turner with mind blowing style, design, technology and power attached to it. Maruti Ritz is available in both Petrol and diesel version. The petrol version of the car is packed with 1.2 L, 1197 cc K -12 series engine. The K-12 series engine is packed with 5 Speed Manual Transmission Gearbox and BS IV emission. The highly powerful engine of Maruti Ritz offers a maximum power of 85 PS at 6000 rpm and a torque of 113 Nm at 4500 rpm. The diesel version of Maruti Ritz is packed with 1.3L, 1248 cc DDiS engine with 5 Manual Transmission Gearbox that offers greater mileage and acceleration to the car. This DDiS engine is very fuel efficiency and offers an impressive power of 75 PS at 4000 rpm and a torque of 190 Nm at 2000 rpm. Hyundai i20 Description : Overall In the hatchback category of cars Hyundai i20 is a new generation car with large headlamps and fog lamps. This new Hyundai i20 is even more spacious, stylish having amazing eye catching features. Equipped with standard safety features it has ABS, seat belts with pre-tensioner, dual air-bags for the driver and front passanger, auto-unlocking doors Hyundai i20 is one of the best car. Motor Driven Power Steering (MDPS) and suspension systems in the car are such that they provide maximum ease while driving the vehicle. This latest version of Hyundai i20 is best featured with many important special equipments that co-ordinates best with the activity of the driver. The hatchback segment has one more addition in their kitty with the launch of Hyundai i20 in place by non other than Hyundai Motor India Ltd. This premium hatchback car is fully enabled with breathtaking looks and yet not compromising on the quality features. Hyundai i20 is a very stylish and classy car with very elegant exteriors and interiors. The charisma of Hyundai i20 is outstanding with roomy and spacious interiors at place and the sleeky smart look of the car add wonder to the overall appearance. The sleeky and amazing look and technology of Hyundai i20 is by and larger inspired by its premium hatchback model Hyundai i30 which are already launched in Europe and Korea. Polo Trendline: Standard Features Exterior à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Body coloured bumpers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Green tinted heat absorbing glass à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Halogen headlights à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Galvanized body with 6 years anti-corrosion warranty à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Chrome strip in front grill à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 14 steel wheels with full wheel covers Interior à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Gear shift knob and interior door handles in chrome à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 3 Grab handles above doors, folding, with coat hooks à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Storage compartment in front doors including cup holders for 1 litre bottle à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Sunglass storage inside glove box à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Single folding rear seat backrest Safety à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Front disc brakes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Height adjustable headrests front and 2 headrests rear à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Electronic anti-theft immobilizer à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Interior rear view mirror, manual day/night à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ High mounted third brake light Comfort à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Air conditioning à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Central locking with boot opener in company logo à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Digital clock, fuel gauge, warning lights for high coolant temperature and low oil pressure à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Front intermittent wipers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Fuel lid with push style opening and central locking à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 14 steel spare wheel à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Instrument cluster with tachometer, speedometer, odometer, trip odometer à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Outside rear view mirror driver passenger side, manually adjustable from inside, convex à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Power steering à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Steering wheel tilt telescopic adjustable à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Power windows front à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Radio preparation includes roof antenna and partial pre wiring Colours Available à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Candy White à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Flash Red Upholstery Available à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Cloth Type Metric Fiat Grande Punto Fiat Grande Punto Description : Overall Leading Italian auto manufacturer Fiat has launched its most awaited premium hatchback model Fiat Punto in the Indian market. Fiat Grande Punto has been launched in the Indian market as a joint venture between Italian passenger car manufacturer Fiat and Indian auto major Tata Motors. Fiat Grande Punto is consistently performing well internationally since its first debut at Frankfurt Motor Show in 2005 and has won many awards such as Car of the Year 2008 award in Brazil. Even on safety point of view, the Fiat Punto has received a 5-Star rating in the stringent Euro NCAP safety tests. Now with the launch of this car in the Indian market, the company plans to strengthen its position in hatchback segment. Fiat Punto is the second vehicle that has been launched by FIAL (Fiat India Automobiles Ltd.). Fiat Punto has launched in the Indian market with three engine options a 1.2L, 1172cc petrol engine, 1.4L, 1368cc, FIRE petrol engine and a 1.3L, 1248cc multijet turbo diesel engine. Nissan Micra Nissan India has started the bookings of the much awaited Micra a couple of days back. The booking amount is Rs. 50,000/- but we are sure before booking one, buyers would want to know more about the vehicle. So this post is to enlighten prospective buyers about the features and variants of the Micra. Deliveries of the micra Features : Intelligent Key System Push Button Ignition Request Switch Auto Climate Control SRS Airbags 4.65m Min. Turning Radius Nissan Micra XE Features : Exteriors Roof Antenna Interiors Drive Computer Manual AC Interior Colour Scheme-Black Comfort Convenience Electric Power Steering Steering Tilt Adjustment Safety Engine Immobilizer Driver Airbag Ford Figo Ford will manufacture Figo in its Chennai plant which will be both more eco-friendly and cost effective plant for Ford because of cheaper material and labor costs in India. The size and price segment will bring some more competition to Hyundai i10, Hyundai i20 , Maruti Ritz , Chevrolet Beat, Tata Indica   and Maruti Swift. Specifications Specification of Ford Figo Petrol includes: 1.2 Liter DuraTec MPFI Petrol Engine Max Power 70 BHP @6250 RPM Max Torque 104 Nm @ 4000 RPM Specification of Ford Figo Diesel includes: 1.4 Liter DuraTorq CRDI Diesel Engine Max Power 68 BHP @4000 RPM Max Torque 160 Nm @ 2000 RPM Other Specifications : 5 Speed Manual Transmission Huge luggage space Length : 3795mm,   Width 1680mm and   Height 1427mm Long Wheelbase of 2489mm 14 Inch Wheel Front Disk brakes Rear Disk Brakes Front Suspension McPherson Strut Rear Suspension Multiple Link Twist Beam 45 Liter Fuel Tank Ford Figo Features Ford Figo Features include: ABS Anti lock braking system EBD Electronic Brakeforce Distribution system Dashboard mounted boot opening button Programmable remote locking system Flip-fold down rear seat Modern instrument cluster Height adjustable driver seat Integrated MP3 player with Bluetooth connectivity AC with heater Ford Figo Price There is no official announcement about the price, but as per sources,the petrol version of Ford Figo will be priced between Rs. 3.5 Lakhs to Rs. 4.5 Lakhs and the Diesel version of Ford Figo will be priced between Rs. 4 lakhs to Rs. 5.5 lakhs Need for the study The cars in the hatch back segment of the cars are more or less the same. Customers of these cars choose their car according to their preferences. The prise factor plays only a small part in the decision. To reveal these factors it was decided to carry a survey on the preferences. Data analysis Cars owned by the customers Interpretation Most of the respondent own Swift. Followed by Volkswagen Polo. Factor influenced to buy car. Interpretation The main influencer for the all cars customers is TV advertisement, followed by friends and relatives. How did you hear about the car. Interpretation This question was related to the pervious question. The first source of information to the customers is the TV advertisement, followed by the Friends relatives. Reason behind buying car Interpretation The customers buy cars from this segment mainly because of the fuel efficiency. The selected cars were the upper models in the segment, thats why 30% respondents said that they have purchased the car as style statement. 22% respondents said that they have purchased the car for the basic need that is convenience to travel. Availability of in-house finance affected my buying decision. These cars are marketed for the middle class segment; availability of in-house finance affects the decision. Interpretation Majority of the respondents that is 39% of respondents strongly agreed or agreed to the point that the availability of in-house finance affected their decision. Whereas 36% respondents either disagreed or strongly disagreed with the point. Importance of the factors Looks Interpretation Majority of the customers that is 57% of the customers said that the looks of the car is very important. 25% of the respondents said that looks is some wat important. Safety ABS Airbags Interpretation Majority of the customers responded to the safety fetures as important. Engine power Majority of the customers responded engine power as important factor in the car. Mileage Interpretation Majority of the customers said that the milage is a important factor in the car. SPACE INERRETATION In this majority of the respondents said that the space is somewat important. Dealership INTERPRETATION This question was asked to find wether the distance from customers place to delership maters. In this 41% of the respondents said that it is unimportant And 24% said it is somewat important. Maintenance cost INTERPRETATION In this all above three factors are interrelated. Majority of the respondents responded that the above three factors are important. Size of car (parking) INTERPRETATION 52% of the respondents said that the size of the car is unimportant. Interiors Interpretation 44% of the respondents said that the interiors are very important in a car. Comfort Interpretation 44% of the respondent said that the confort id some wat important. Music system Interpretation 64% of the respondent said that music system in the car is un important. Handling Interpretation Majority of the respondents said that handling is unimportant. Ground clearance Interpretation Majority of the respondents said that the ground clearance is important. Overall preference of the customer Interpretation Majority of the customer prefer looks, followed by milage, airbags and then ABS. When asked about why they choosed it respondents said that the first attraction is on the looks. Findings It was found that when a family newly car then it becomes a statement of their prosper. The brand name Maruti has a unique trust link to it. Conclusion and learning The car customers prefer to buy cars that are in their financial reach. When a family purchases their first car it becomes a sign of their success, it doesnt matter which car they purchase. When a young person buys a he is for the style statement. ANNEXURES Objective: To find consumer preference for car in b segment of car market. Questionnaire I own _____ car. Maruti Suzuki Swift Maruti Suzuki Ritz Hyundai i20 Chevolet Beat Skoda Fabia Volkswagen Polo Fiat Punto Nissan Micra Ford Fabia What influenced me to purchase the above ticked car? TV advertisements Internet Magazines Friends Relatives (Child) Sales executives Personal liking for the car Need to purchase Style statement How did you first hear about the vehicle you own? TV advertisements Internet Magazines Friends Relatives (Child) Sales executives Reason behind buying car. Convince to travel Style statement Fuel efficiency 5. Availability of in-house finance affected my buying decision. Strongly agree agree neutral disagree Strongly disagree Rate your importance to following features Extremely important Very important important Not important Not important at all Looks Safety I) ABS Ii) Airbags Engine power Mileage Space Dealership Maintenance cost Warranty period for parts After sales service Size of car (parking) Interiors Comfort Music system Handling Ground clearance Which was the main factor while making decision? Looks Safety I) ABS Airbags Engine power Mileage Space Dealership Maintenance cost Warranty period for parts After sales service Size of car (parking) Interiors Comfort Music system Handling Ground clearance Why? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Rate importance of following references according to you Extremely important Very important Important Not important Not important at all Friends and relatives Car and bike magazines TV advertisements Websites of company Sales executive Gender : †¢ male †¢female Age : †¢18-25 †¢25-35 †¢35- 55 †¢55 and above Occupation : †¢student †¢ Business man †¢Salaried †¢Professional Family size : †¢2 members †¢ 2- 4 members †¢4-6 members †¢More than 6 Monthly Income: †¢25,000/- †¢25,000 50,000 †¢50,000 1, 00,000 †¢1, 00,000 and above

The Breakdown and Restoration of Order in Macbeth Essay -- Macbeth ess

The Breakdown and Restoration of Order in Macbeth   Ã‚  Ã‚   When Macbeth kills King Duncan in William Shakespeare's tragedy Macbeth, there is a breakdown of order throughout Scotland. This breakdown is evident through three main factors; within the person, mainly through Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, through the kingdom and through nature. From a completely ordered nation into the depths of chaos - Scotland collapsed from the lack of strong leadership. In the end, when resolution is reached, this chaos is reversed and Scotland is restored to a peaceful nation as it was before Macbeth's reign.    Traditional Elizabethan ideologies were based on the great "Chain of Being". The people believed in an absolutely ordered universe were ranked in order of their superiority. This order corresponded with all religious beliefs and the political system. General beings were ranked in the order of: God, angels, king, man, animals, plants, inorganic material and finally chaos. When Macbeth murders Duncan, he violates this order. The king was seen to be God's representative on earth and if any rebel was to attack the king, he was seen as rebelling against or attacking God. There was a belief that God passed special powers on to all kings, as seen in Act four Scene three "he cures... the healing benediction... he hath a heavenly gift of prophecy" (lines 168-173). Macbeth does not have this divinity, as he is not the rightful king. This is one of the reasons that Scotland turns to chaos.    The evidence that the audience receives about a breakdown within a person is within Macbeth himself. After murdering Duncan, he begins to go crazy - his mind and his thoughts begin to rule him. He becomes very domineering. Macbeth... ...r breaks down the murderer, breaks down the kingdom and breaks down nature, to have Scotland in complete fear and terror. But, good wins over evil and in the end, peace is restored. The coronation of a divine king brings peace and restoration to previous chaos.    Works Cited and Consulted:    Bradley, A.C. Shakespearean Tragedy. Toronto: Penguin Books Canada Ltd., 1991.    Campbell, Lily B. Shakespeare's Tragic Heroes, Slaves of Passion. Gloucester: Peter Smith Publisher Inc., 1973.  Ã‚      Edwards, Terence. Twentieth Century Interpretations of Macbeth. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc., 1977.    Shakespeare, William.   Tragedy of Macbeth . Ed. Barbara Mowat and Paul Warstine. New York: Washington Press, 1992.  Ã‚  Ã‚      Scott, Mark W. (Editor).   Shakespeare for Students.   Gale Research Inc. Detroit, Michigan. 1992      

Essay --

Danielle C. Dillon Europe in the Middle Ages Fall 2013 Final Exam Many things effected society in Medieval Europe, some having a more profound effect than others. Europe in the Middles ages was a time of learning and of cultural growth, but it was also a time of more serious things such as the Black Death. The way Europe coped with these unforeseen challenges, helped shape their society and culture, and we still learn about them today. The Black Death was of significance in Europe, but what exactly was it? The Black Death, also known as the Bubonic Plague was a wide spread infection in Medieval Europe that wiped out one third of the entire population during this time period. This plague affected the Lymph Nodes, where the bacteria found a suitable place to reproduce. How was the black plague spread you may ask? This is where some of the advances made in Europe during the Middle Ages, backfired and actually had a negative effect. It is widely known that the Black Plague was transmitted through rats, but it finds in origins in Asia. Thus the fleas found on these rats, must have come to Europe somehow, for this we look at trade routes. It was very common for markets and fairs to open up with imported goods in Europe, some of these goods coming from Asia, thus traveling salesmen and their merchandise are largely responsible for the transmission of the disease. Another reason this disease was so deadly was the lack of medicine, and knowledge of science. Though there was knowledge of science and medicine in the time, it does not compare to what we know now, including the knowledge of incubation periods. We know now because of modern medicine, that diseases can be transmitted before symptoms show, this was not known in M... ...olarly endeavors, rather than strictly practical ones. Humanists also believed that the entirety of society should be well versed and able to speak articulately. The focus also changed during this time period to the â€Å"here and now† rather than the afterlife. The worth of individuals began to become more important, rather than just their worth in relation to society as a whole. Renaissance Humanism was the first time in history that people began to question authority and the teachings they had learned, it was the first time in history that individual expression was commonly accepted. Medieval Europe was a time of great tragedy (The Black Death) but it was also a time of great advancements in learning and culture. Perhaps one day thousands of years from now, people will read of our advancements and note their profound impact, as we do with Europe in the Middle Ages.

Background check of hiring employee Essay

In nowadays, background check of hiring employee is practicing by almost all agencies. Point is that, the skills of the applicant can be, somehow, figured out. It is much more difficult to assess the level of trust, honesty, mental toughness, and loyalty. Reading through chapter 9, and conducting a slight research, my answers to the questions of the given scenario are as follows: 1.Do temporary agencies have a â€Å"duty† to run background checks? If so, did Robert half â€Å"breach that duty?† Why or Why not? According to the law of negligence, temporary agencies should follow the duty policy on background check on pre-employment, in order not to satisfy an element of negligence. In case of Robert Half International Inc., and Fox Associates, Inc., I don’t think, that duty was breached, the company trusted to provided information by Ms. Ross about herself, and she got good recommendations from her former employers. At some extend, it is a background check. 2.The court ruled against Fox Associates. Was the court correct? Do you think Fox should have done its own background check? Why or Why not? I agree with the court decision, that it was determined that duty is not breached, because it happened unknowingly. Even though the company recommended the employee, Fox could do its own background check as well. 3.The fact pattern mentions that Sunbeam suffered similar damages when it failed to do its own background check on Mr. Dunlap, its former CEO. Who was more at fault, Sunbeam or the Executive search agency? In this case, the fault has an Executive search agency more, than Sunbeam, as it its straight duty to check background before approve for hiring. However, Sunbeam is liable for its losses also, because it should request and check the information about hiring employer. 4.Strategically and legally speaking, why do you think the former employers said nothing about Ms. Ross’ history and gave her good recommendations? There could be some reasons: 1). the former employers might feel sympathetic towards Ms. Ross, and they don’t believe that she has stolen any funds; 2) Ms. Ross, indeed a good specialist in her field; and the last 3) The former employers just didn’t tell the truth. 5.Develop one  unique background check policies for your company on employees hired through a search firm or temp agency. The main idea on background check which I’d like to develop, besides gathering information, confirmation of address, criminal records searches, is that pre-employee will answer some â€Å"simple† questions, which will ask him/her the same, but in different manner, and maybe I would add some psychological tests, which will let me know if that employee was capable to do something unethical in his past work experience.

Comparre and Contrast Essay

Over the years the U.S had underwent tremendous changes socially, politically, and economically making the U.S what it is today. Many classes began to develop with industrialization. Rich factory owners were able to set themselves out from the rest of the group by growing in wealth, and there were many lower-class unskilled workers who took jobs where ever they could find them. By 1800, many political leaders were convinced that slavery was undesirable, and should eventually be abolished, and the slaves returned to their natural homes in Africa. Women had no rights at all men had the upper hand in everything , women couldn’t even get an education they had to stay home cleaning , cooking , and taking care of the kids but eventually a law was passed and women could participation in politics, get an education , and get a job just like men. With various inventions such as the typewriter, the mechanical reaper, the oil drill, and the light bulb, work was able to be done at a much faster and efficient rate, which made things cheaper, which then in turn helped the economy because people were able to buy more things. The Federal Reserve was established. Early American currency went through several stages of development in the colonial and post-Revolutionary history of the United States. Because few coins were minted in the thirteen colonies that became the United States in 1776, foreign coins like the Spanish dollar were widely circulated. Many political machines were run through tenant owners where immigrants were able to sign up for a job in a factory if they vowed to vote for a candidate of the land lord’s choice. Ratification of the 14th amendment was established standardizing what an American citizen was. The 13th amendment was established abolishing slavery. The 15th amendment was passed after the Civil War that guaranteed blacks the right to vote. This amendment affected not only freed slaves in the South, but also blacks living in the North, who generally had not been allowed to vote. As you can see the U.S had underwent a lot of socially, politically, and economically changes. If it wasn’t for all these changes being made the U.S wouldn’t be where it is today.

Ch 1 H.W Consumer Behavior

Q1:describe the interrelationship between consumer behavior and the marketing concept. A1: marketing concept determine the needs and wants of specific target markets and Deliver satisfaction better than competition. consumer behavior includes all the decisions a consumer makes when spending their time and money. The what, why, when, where, and how of consumer purchases are examined in consumer behavior. It is not just individuals, but households, families, and groups that influence the decisions we make. ————————— Q2: describe the interrelationships between consumer research, market segmentation and targeting, and the development of the marketing mix for a manufacturer of HDTV sets. A2: consumer research The process and tools used to study consumer behavior. Market segmentation : Process of dividing the market into subsets of consumers with common needs or characteristics Market targeting : The selection of one or more of the segments identified to pursue.The development of the marketing mix for a manufacturer of HDTV consist the product the features ,designs and the price including discounts and the place (distribution of the product ) and promotion ( the advertising) —————————- Q3: select any one of the company web sites and product specific site pairs listed in table 1. 1 that interests you . then systematically examine each of the two sites in terms of how you as a consumer respond differently to the two sites A3:We're not going to work publicity for this company, but we want to highlight how the company deals with customers and most importantly its olicy in respect for the customer and if we see the slogan â€Å"the customer is always right† appears to us every time we press a button to complete the purchase. —————————- Q4: Discuss The Interrelationships Among Cus tomer Expectation And Satisfaction, perceive Value And Customer Retention. Why Is A Customer Relation Essential? A4 :The goal of all marketers is to build and maintain successful relationships with their consumers. This occurs by offering a product which has benefits that the consumer values.In addition, they see the value of those benefits as exceeding the cost of the product – the cost in terms of money, time, and opportunity costs. If a product delivers value, the company is likely to have a high level of customer satisfaction. They will trust the marketer and continue to purchase the product. In addition, they will tell others about the product and speak highly of it when asked or when reviewing the product online. A company with strong customer relationships will be able to achieve a high level of customer retention – their customers will not defect to the competitor or stop using their product.They will retain these customer over time and will be more profitable due to these valuable loyal customers. —————————- Q5: Discuss the role of the social and behavioral sciences in developing the consumer decision-making model. A5: The input stage includes sources of information to the consumer – how they learn and are influenced by the marketer and their environment. The process stage ties to the decision-making process the consumer undergoes when considering a purchase.It moves from the inputs to the psychological factors involved in recognizing a need, searching for information, and evaluating alternatives. The output stage involves the actual purchase and the post-purchase evaluation. —————————- Q6:Apply each of the two models depicted in Table 1. 3 (i. e. , traditional marketing and value and retention marketing) to the marketing of cellular phone services. You may want to incorporate into your answer your own and your peers experiences in selecting cellular communication providers. A6:VALUE- AND RETENTION-FOCUSED MARKETING| THE TRADITIONAL MARKETING CONCEPT| Use technology that enables customers to customize what you make. | Make only what you can sell instead of trying to sell what you make. | Focus on the product’s perceived value, as well as the need that it satisfies. | Do not focus on the product; focus on the need that it satisfies. | Utilize an understanding of customer needs to develop offerings that customers perceive as more valuable than competitors’ offerings. | Market products and services that match customers’ needs better than competitors’ offerings. Research the levels of profit associated with various consumer needs and characteristics. | Research consumer needs and characteristics. | Understand consumer behavior in relation to the company’s product. | Understand the purchase behavior process and the influences on consumer behavior. | Make each customer transaction part of an ongoing relationship with the customer. | Realize that each customer transaction is a discrete sale. | Use hybrid segmentation that combines the traditional segmentation bases with data on the customer’s purchase levels and patterns of use of the company’s products. Segment the market based on customers’ geographic, demographic, psychological, sociocultural, lifestyle, and product-usage related characteristics. | Invest in technologies that enable you to send one-to-one promotional messages via digital channels. | Target large groups of customers that share common characteristics with messages transmitted through mass media. | Use interactive communications in which messages to customers are tailored according to their responses to previous communications. | Use one-way promotions whose effectiveness is measured through sales data or marketing surveys. Create customer tiers based on both volume and consumption patterns. | Cre ate loyalty programs based on the volume purchased. | Make it very unattractive for your customers to switch to a competitor and encourage them to purchase ‘better’ – in a manner that will raise the company’s profitability levels. | Encourage customers to stay with the company and buy more. | Base your marketing budget on the ‘lifetime value’ of typical customers in each of the targeted segments compared with the resources needed to acquire them as customers. Determine marketing budgets on the basis of the numbers of customers you are trying to reach. | Conduct customer satisfaction surveys that include a component that studies the customer’s word-of-mouth about the company, and use the results immediately to enhance customer relationships. | Conduct customer satisfaction surveys and present the results to management. | Create customer intimacy and bonds with completely satisfied, ‘delighted’ customers. | Create customer tr ust and loyalty to the company and high levels of customer satisfaction. |